萨德(Marquis de Sade),1740-1814,法国贵族,人称萨德侯爵。他是性虐待文学的建立者,施虐狂(sadism)一词即由其名而来,由于作品常赤裸裸地呈现人性丑恶的一面,尤其是对于性变态的描写,因此萨德的作品受到当时甚至现在社会的查禁。尽管如此,他的作品仍受艺术家与文学家所喜爱,波特莱尔、雨果、大仲马、尼采等,都是他作品的拥护者。
在法国本地遂形成为一股热闹的萨德风潮,同时形成为两派极端不同的对萨德作品的看法。萨德成为法国文学史上最伟大的作家之一。罗兰?巴特在其《访谈录》一书中甚至拿他和普鲁斯特相提并论,在他看来,阅读萨德和阅读普鲁斯特一样,其所带来的欢娱感觉是无与伦比的。the death penalty. He was released?
transferred once more to the asylum at Charenton; his ex-wife and children had agreed to pay for his pension there.. Sade was by now extremely obese.admired him.
十八世纪可以说是西方放荡思想最为放任发展的黄金时代,自然也是有关色情文学最为发达的鼎盛时期,当时许多如汗牛充栋的色情文学作品中,如今仍留传下来,甚至被肯定为上乘文学作品的,除萨德一人之外,委实不多。十八世纪是欧洲的启蒙运动时代,在这个时代之中,人类正在从黑暗中迎向光明,从束缚走向解放,从愚昧变为聪明,人类开始思索自身在宇宙中的地位和重要性,从而敢于开始挑战至高无上之神权和君权的权威,一切诉诸理性,而启蒙正是迈向理性的唯一手段,也是为愚昧和束缚解套的唯一方法。依哲学家康德的解释,启蒙的意思就是:不依赖他人的指引而达到认知。法兰克福学派的阿多诺(Theodor Adorno)和霍克海默(Max Horkheimer)在他们所合着的《启蒙的辩证》(Dialectic of Enlightenment)一书中,即根据康德此一观点来诠释萨德的作品所展现的与启蒙思想有关的哲学意义,他们认为萨德的作品见证了“不依赖他人指引而达到认知”的哲学事实,简单讲,萨德解除了中产阶级的严酷束缚,启蒙的认知除了拥抱善,同时也见证了恶。
Life or honourific title of marquis and call themselves comtes de Sade. a police. who provided detailed reports on his escapades. After several short imprisonments, he was exiled to his chateau at Lacoste in 1768.萨德可以说是有关情色象征的伟大修辞学家。因此,罗兰·巴特在其.
Marquis de Sade1778, but remained imprisoned under the lettre de cachet. He escaped but was recaptured soon after. In prison, he resumed writing. At Vincennes he met the fellow prisoner Comte de Mirabeau who also wrote.